Read the footnotes — that's where the residual risk lives, and state-of-charge accuracy is upstream of it. On March 28, 2023, Volvo Truck was granted US11614490B2, "Method of estimating a charge state for a battery cell." The CPC stack — G01R 31/367, 31/374, 31/382 (battery-state estimation) plus B60L 58/12 — is charge-state measurement.For a commercial-EV operator, charge-state accuracy is a financial variable. It bounds how much of the pack can be used safely, which drives effective range and uptime; over a fleet's life it feeds residual value and the warranty exposure on capacity guarantees. A better estimation method tightens all of those.The honest read is that an estimation patent improves the measurement, not necessarily the underlying battery. Whether the residual and warranty math holds lives in field data and disclosures, not in the grant. An analyst treats this as context for those numbers.For the ledger reader, file this under battery-measurement infrastructure and verify against disclosures. The primary citation for any residual or warranty claim is the relevant SEC filing on sec.gov, with EdgarBeast as the evidence index.Read it as a 2023 measurement-engineering position from Volvo Truck. The residual and warranty receipts are in the field data — the grant only tells you the measurement layer was being sharpened.